American Beauty Essay -- Film Review, Psychology

The movie â€Å"American Beauty† is a drama film that depicts the inter-persona family relationships of repressed middle-class people, describes the process of rediscovering true values in life, and how personal changes affect inter-personal relationships (Cohen, Jinks, & Mendes, 1999). The Burnham family are the main characters of the movie, and the family consists of Lester Burhnam, Carolyn Burnham, and their daughter Jane Burnham. Lester is a desperate and frustrated man who hates his job, cannot confront his wife, does not have any respect from his daughter, and has no control over the events that occur in his life. However, Lester soon decides to leave the role of the victim and replaces his job at the magazine with a job at the fast food restaurant while blackmailing his previous boss to give him $60,000 dollars. Lester befriends a teenage boy Ricky Fitts, who moved to the neighborhood recently with his parents Frank and Barbara, and starts purchasing marijuana from him. Furthermore, he starts fantasizing about his daughter's friend Angela and starts exercising in the garage to improve his physique for the purpose of having sex with her. Carolyn was frustrated by her husbands immature behavior and started an affair with Buddy Kane. When Lester found out about her affair, he claimed he was happy for her because he did not see any point in their marriage any more. Meanwhile, Jane Burnham bonds with Ricky Fitts and starts to openly talk about her issues at home which caused her low self-esteem and reserved behavior. Although Lester finally finds true happiness and begins controlling his life, the repressed colonel Frank, who mistakenly believed Lester was gay and tried to kiss him, shoots him in the head. While it seems unfair th... ...lly beneficial (Dams, 1997). Jane would spend less time and resources on improving her mental health and gain the same or better results. Therapists who know how to form therapeutic alliances and set goals with their patients will spend fewer resources to produce effective outcomes, so both the patient and therapists will benefit from spending fewer resources, such as time and money, to achieve beneficial results. Outside of the health care system, support is a valuable resource in psychotherapy because people who are dealing with their issues often require it for motivation. While Jane was lacking a supportive environment while growing up, she is able to create one with Ricky after meeting him. Although she still has to monitor her addictive behavior, creating or finding a supportive community will decrease her depression and increase her self-esteem significantly.

The Program No Child Left Behind Education Essay

The NCLB plan was proposed by the disposal of the President George W. Bush shortly after they took office. The measure passed on June 14, 2001 and was signed in to jurisprudence on January 8, 2002 by the President. The plan was called to back up the educational reform that was based on the belief that set uping of mensurable ends and high criterion scenes could be able to better single educational results. The Act obliged provinces to make and develop appraisals in all basic accomplishments and give it to all pupils in schools that receive federal support. NCLB does non maintain any national criterion of accomplishments ; they are set by each province separately. Nevertheless, present President of the United States Barack Obama during the 2011 State of the Union Address announced that â€Å" nicklebee † is traveling to be replaced. What are the grounds? Without some of import alterations this plan is improbable could be re-authorized. Sanctions of shutting schools with low public presentation without giving options make kids to halt attention schools in vicinity and visit distance schools in which public presentation is higher. It is one point of unfavorable judgment of NCLB. Another negative side is approximately high bets proving that replaced an effectual instruction as a chief focal point of instructional scheduling. Under the present jurisprudence, the AYP ( Adequate Yearly Progress ) is increasing every twelvemonth, i.e. any schools, or establishments who in one twelvemonth did n't do the AYP are often far behind in the following season. Besides, the NCLB gave some demands that many per centums of particular instruction pupils increase their public presentation at the little or basic degree to the high or adept degree. In the NCLB last reauthorization, they allowed up to 3 % of kids to travel for an interchange appraisal on their degree of disablement. Children that are 2 or 3 old ages below normal grade degree are asked to take the suited class degree rating. The different job with the bing statute law is that every province has its ain manner of developing its trial. In an dry point of position, the province whose rating is more close to the consequence of their pupils on the NAEP does non basically have the maximal per centum of high degree pupils at the 8th and 11th class, which in other words shows the silencing of some provinces evaluation, most particularly in the southern parts of the United States. Before to discourse critics of NCLB let us look through some good sides and accomplishment of the plan. Recent NAEP ( National Assessment of Educational Progress ) consequences show accomplishment of pupils in reading and math were improved. The most important advancement was made by nine – twelvemonth – olds kids. Some research workers try to contend the consequences of this accomplishment. Nevertheless, the plan was non wholly useless. Let us advert some of import betterment. Improvement of local criterions ; notably New York State supported the commissariats of NCLB because they were certain that the plan could let to utilize the longitudinal informations much more efficaciously to supervise YAP. Hayes ( 2008 ) declared that as a consequence of â€Å" nicklebee † provinces all over America achieved betterment in their advancement ; Increased answerability ; this is the 1 strong positive point that is claimed by NCLB protagonists. Legislation obliges schools to go through annually trials which are traveling to look into how much betterments scholars achieved during a twelvemonth. The trials are the chief mean to see whether a school lives up to the needed criterions or non. If the consequence is negative, a school will run into decrease support or other type of penalty. Supporters province that NCLB helps schools and instructors to recognize the importance and significance of the educational system and how the low degree of answerability impacting the American state. Nevertheless, some oppositions are against a penalty because it would instead impact a school than aid it because no penalty contributes to the betterment of schools and pupils ; Attention to minority populations ; NCLB aimed to make the common outlooks for everybody ; it meant to diminish racial and category spread in schools. Harmonizing to the plan ‘s requires, territories and schools supposed to concentrate on the academic accomplishment of those groups of kids that were traditionally underserved ( for illustration, pupil with disablements, low income or from cultural and racial subgroups ) ; Quality of instruction ; an ideal end of NCLB plan was to increase the quality of instruction improve schools ‘ public presentation. Requirement for schools supposed to be following: to implement in schoolrooms researches that are based on scientific discipline, to supply different plans with parents ‘ engagement, to assist those pupils that were non encouraged in developing professional activity. Besides schools were expected to supply Early Reading First enterprise to back up early literacy. Language humanistic disciplines, scientific discipline accomplishments, mathematics and emphatic reading required to be include in to core academic topics. We mentioned some good sides of the plan NCLB. Some of those ends were partially achieved ; some of them left on a paper of the measure. Let us discourse critical point. The attraction of NCLB ‘s events is vehemently disputed. It is really hard to measure the utility of the act ; this is because it applied to all provinces doing it hard to deduce what would hold happened without the act. Nevertheless, surveies of the province duty systems that were in topographic point before NCLB specify that liability for consequences led to faster advancement in achievement for the provinces that conveying together such schemes.A The uninterrupted geographic expedition of province trial Markss before and after executing of NCLB besides supports its optimistic influence.A Owens & A ; Sunderman ( 2006 ) mentioned that a chief animadversion emphasizes that NCLB could shrivel operative direction and pupil instruction because it may do provinces to subordinate achievement purposes and influence instructors to leave to the appraisal. Packer ( 2007 ) said that a chief helpful entitlement proclaims that methodical proving offers facts that shed visible radiation on which institutes are non learning simple accomplishments successfully, so that interventions can be made to retrieve merchandises for all students while dropping the attainment spread for deprived and disabled students. The Critiques of NCLB can be systematized into the undermentioned categorizations: Unrealistic ends Harmonizing to Alabama State Superintendent Joe Morton on Wednesday, August 11, 2010 â€Å" There ‘s a misconception in the jurisprudence and everyone are familiar with it, â€Å" Confering to the No Child Left Behind Act, by 2014 all kid is supposed to prove on rating degree in analysis and math. † Harmonizing to Daggett & A ; Gendron ( 2010 ) : â€Å" That ca n't go on you have excessively many variables and you have excessively many scenarios, and everybody knows that would ne'er go on † . Harmonizing to Caylor, M. J. , Alabama State Board Member: â€Å" I do n't believe that No Child Left Behind has benefited this province. † She claimed the end of 100 % ability is inaccessible.A Harmonizing to Murray, C: A † the United States Congress, moving with big bipartizan bulks, at the goad of the President, enacted as the jurisprudence of the land that all kids are to be above norm † . â€Å" Bet oning † the system The strategy of temptations and effects sets up a solid enthusiasm for institutes, parts, and provinces to act upon trial consequences. For case, schools have been made known to engage â€Å" originative reclassification † of drop-outs to decrease negative measurings ) . Many critics claim that these and other attacks generate an exaggerated consciousness of NCLB ‘s accomplishments, chiefly in provinces with high fringy populations. Liston, Whitcomb, & A ; Borko ( 2007 ) stated that the incentives for an sweetening besides may do provinces to decrease their certified ethical motives. For the ground that every province can give its ain consistent appraisals, a province can do its general appraisals at easiness to upsurge scores.A Missouri, for case, enhanced ambitious tonss but flexibly self-proclaimed that they pull down the principles.A A 2007 reappraisal by the United States Dept. of Education specifies that the sensed changes in provinces ‘ testified tonss is fundamentally due to alterations in the stringency of their ethical motives. Problems with standardised trials Harmonizing to Abedi ( 2007 ) we see that disparagers have debated that the attempt onA consistent analysisA ( all students in a province return equal trial in the same fortunes ) as the agencies of rating inspires instructors to clear up a little division of abilities that the instructor considers will upsurge assessment public presentation, instead than accent on obtaining profound apprehension of the full, wide-ranging prospectus. The exercising of giving all students equal test, in the same state of affairss, has been alleged of built-in cultural bias for the ground that different civilizations may rate different endowments. Besides, it may fight with theA Persons with Disabilities Education ActA ( IDEA ) , which states that institutes must lodge helpless pupils. Gifted, talented, and high-performing pupils Specific local schools are merely endorsing direction for indispensable subjects or for disciplinary distinguishable instruction. NCLB puts load on schools to assure that about all students will run into the least skill phases that is set by all province in reading, authorship, and computation, but necessitates nil outside these lower limits. Plans that are non critical to achieving the directed lowest accomplishments are ignored or disregarded by those quarters. In precise, NCLB does non ask any plans for skilled, talented, and other high-performing scholars. Consequence on humanistic disciplines and electives The chief focal point of NCLB is on abilities in reading, composing and arithmetic, which are parts connected to pecuniary success. Shared with the economic catastrophes in theA Late 2000s slack, some schools have cut or eradicated Sessionss and resources for many capable extents that are non portion of NCLB ‘s duty principles.A Ever since 2007, about 71 % of schools have abridged some tuition clip in topics like history, humanistic disciplines, linguistic communication and music, in attempt to give more period and resources to arithmetic and English. In many schools, the categories remain present, but different pupils who are non adept in basic abilities are sent to corrective reading or mathematics lessons instead than humanistic disciplines, athleticss, or other voluntary topics. Restrictions on local control VariousA conservativeA orA tolerantA critics have claimed that NCLB groups a new customary for regionalizing instruction and puting a form for farther devastation of province and local control. Harmonizing to Dollarhide & A ; Lemberger ( 2006 ) , libertarians and some conformist farther claim that the cardinal authorities has noA constitutional authorization in acquisition, which is why part in NCLB is purely elected: States need non carry through with NCLB, every bit long as they are eager to release the federal subsidy that comes with it. The provinces that select non to obtain subsidy will hold their responsibilities used in another province alternatively. Additions Segregation in Public Schools Sarant ( 2007 ) is certain that many persons accept as true that No Child Left Behind has played a portion in the growing of separated public institutes. Probes have revealed that many African American bookmans attend the bottommost acting schools in the state, and African Americans score significantly inferior on about every gage of academic wellbeing than do offspring of a Caucasic decent. Sogunro, Faryniarz, & A ; Rigazio-Digilio ( 2009 ) presented that one current survey has revealed that many schools in California and Illinois that have non encountered AYP function 75-85 % alternate pupils while schools run intoing AYP have fewer than 40 % minority pupils. Besides, even though institutes that do non come across AYP are obligatory to offer their bookmans ‘ parents the opportunity to reassign their pupils to a non-failing institute inside the part, it is non critical that the other school receives the pupil. The parents with more preparation and capitals are most likely to go forth minor schools. And besides they are more expected to analyze the institutes and do an up-to-date pick on where to handover their kid. This over and over once more intimations to stray schools by reciprocally race and category. It is easy to see that it turned to be instead difficult to run originally good thoughts. Some critics argue that NCLB plan is irreclaimable. However, the reform received some proposals. Tommy Thompson, the former Health and Human Services Secretary and Roy Barnes, former Georgia Governor, which were co-chairs of the Aspen Commission on No Child Left Behind Program, made the Commission ‘s concluding recommendation about reauthorization populace in February 2007. The Commission put attempts on the betterment of NCLB and on doing it more utile in shuting spreads between disadvantage pupils and their equals. The Commission was analyzing the consequence and analysis during one twelvemonth and showed successes of the Program and those facets of it that need to be significantly modified or changed. One more alternate proposal was offered from The Forum on Educational Accountability ( FEA ) , the Joint Organizational Statement on NCLB working group. The chief thought of the proposal is to switch the Program NCLB to back uping communities and accountably keep them if they make alterations that help pupils to better acquisition. Sum uping all the information above, we can see that NCLB had many utile ends. Decreasing spread between disables, racial groups and other kids is among them ; but the Program demand to be significantly improved. The present President of the United States Barack Obama works on the procedure of the reauthorization for the ESEA that was a precursor of â€Å" neclebee † . He and Congress are presently working on induction of the reform measures ; Congress take a firm standing on the legion amendments to the measure. Obama claims his end to moo that spread between white and black pupils. Now the community is waiting for the new consequences and hope that all positive promises and claims will be achieved in a short clip..

The Fight Against Juvenile Crime - 4550 Words

If academic success leads to a better future what can one say about the future of children of lower socio-economic status who may have less access to the tools for achieving success? I believe one of the greatest concepts to be implemented in our country is the principle that all American children should be educated for free and to their full capacity. Education was and continues to be a game-changing social reform. Reformers have viewed education as the key to individual opportunity and to the creation of an enlightened and responsible population. They also believe that quality public schooling is among the most effective weapons in the fight against juvenile crime and is an essential component aiding in the assimilation of immigrants. A good education provides substantial benefits to individuals and, as individual benefits are aggregated throughout a community, it creates broad social and economic benefits. Investing in public education is, then, far more cost-effective for the st ate than paying for the social and economic consequences of under-funded, low quality schools. The primary goal of the Universal Pre-kindergarten Movement is to make access to quality pre-school educational programs available, to all children in all walks of life. This movement, at its foundation, addresses social and income inequality. In the recent past, universal pre-k was not an educational mandate and, thus, quality pre-school programs were primarily available to the children in families whoShow MoreRelatedJuveniles Treated Like Adults Essays1330 Words   |  6 PagesEveryday a vast number of brutal crimes occur somewhere in America. Teens as young as thirteen commit murder, rape, and burglary to an extent. What can be done about it? The best answer I can think of is to treat juveniles like adults. They have just as much responsibility and knowledge of their actions just as adults do, so they deserve the same punishment if they commit the same crime. Believe it or not, teens c ommit the same level of crimes that adults commit. Crimes will get even worse in the futureRead MoreEssay on Patterns of Crime Throughout History671 Words   |  3 PagesPatterns of Crime Throughout History Crime is a pattern of events that occurs time after time, and has been set in history and followed for years. People commit crimes for many different reasons, however crimes are committed by choice and not for necessity. Crime is behavior that violates society legal codes. Crimes are broken down into two types, one is violent crime and the other is property crime. Violent crime is an unlawful event such as homicide, rape, and assault that may result inRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency : A Complex Social Phenomenon Of Criminal Behavior Essay1701 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction Given the range and significance of juvenile delinquency, the demand for understanding strategies has become apparent in order to combat a complex social phenomenon of criminal behavior in juveniles. The juvenile justice system is an intricate part of juvenile justice intertwining law enforcement, court and correctional agencies along with the community when dealing with juvenile delinquents. Thus, understanding delinquents and how they behave is crucial when considering the effectivenessRead MoreJuvenile Crimes1247 Words   |  5 PagesJuvenile crime is a growing problem that endangers virtually every American. Juvenile delinquency is enormously damaging to the health and well-being of the nations families and communities. A juvenile crime can consist of DUI, robbery, rape, minor in possession, weapon in possession anything an adult can be charged with. Individuals under the age of eighteen who commit these crimes can be charged as a juvenile delinquent. Statistics show that m ost juveniles that commit crimes are in a gang; weatherRead MoreWhat Causes Juvenile Delinquency?758 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Causes and Solutions of Juvenile Delinquency Posted by:  ReadingCraze.com  March 15, 2013 in  Adolescence,  Family and Parenting  Leave a comment Juvenile  delinquency  is also known as teenage crime. It is like any crime that human beings commit but these crime differ becasue they are committed by young people. Before coming of age  girls and boys  have less understanding of the world. Parents, friends and teachers are all responsible along with the juvenile who commit a crime. This is why courts do notRead More old enough to commit crime, too young to do time. Essay1043 Words   |  5 Pagesas an adult? In some states, such as Texas, you are considered an adult at 17 years of age. Other state’s juvenile systems make you liable to be tried as an adult at the age of 18. Law enforcement officials have been questioning the age of being tried as an adult for the past 40 years. Recently, they have come to the conclusion that children between the ages of 16 and 18 who commit adult crimes should be tried and sentenced as adults. After researching information and cases of minors being tried asRead More Boot Camps and Juvenile Crime Essay1148 Words   |  5 PagesBoot Camps and Juvenile Crime Five years ago, responding to an increase in serious juvenile crime, the state of Maryland initiated one of the nations largest boot camp programs for teenage criminals. The program, called the Leadership Challenge, quickly became the model for other states. But last week, after reviewing a task force report that documented instances of physical abuse at their camps, Maryland officials appeared on the verge of conceding that the current initiative was a failure.Read More Causes of The Juvenile Crime Rate Increase From 1990 To Present1599 Words   |  7 Pages From 1990 to to the present there has been a sharp increase in juvenile crime across the United States. From 1996 to the present there has been a slight decline from the statistics in 1995(OJJDP). What was the cause for this uprise in juvenile delinquincy? I will discuss 2 different theories to why there was such an increase in juvenile crime rates. I will analyze the rise of the Gangsta-Rap culture in the early 1990s and how it may have affected teenagers that are in lower-income familiesRead MoreCja 374 Week 2 Crime Causation and Diversion Essay1019 Words   |  5 PagesCrime Causation and Diversion Juveniles committing crimes, being arrested and going to jails and prisons, is a sad fact that has hit every city, in every state in the United States of America. It is not a hard thing to comprehend, turn on the TV and watch the news. Every night there is surely to be a report about a crime committed by one of America’s youth. Many people question the reason for such high numbers of juveniles committing crimes; others turn a blind eye and refuse to acknowledge theRead MoreJuvenile Offenders And Juvenile Delinquency1610 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile delinquency, also known as juvenile offending, is participation in illegal behavior by minors8. A juvenile delinquent in the United States is a person who is typically under the age of 17 and commits an act that otherwise would have been charged as a crime if they were an adult. Depending on the type and severity of the offense committed, it is possible for persons under 18 to be charged and tried as adults. Juvenile crimes can ra nge from status offenses (such as underage smoking), to