Analysis Of Geoffrey Chaucer s Canterbury Tales Essay

Most people have experienced an event in their lifetime that has caused them to develop trust issues, and many of which will never overcome this lack of trust in others. There is a specific reason for this, and it all begins with the issue at hand itself, trust. Everyone with trust issues has been wronged and used relating to their trust in another person. They were betrayed by someone they never imagined could hurt them. As a recent song created by the rock group Phish has reverberated, â€Å"Each betrayal begins with trust.† Betrayal has been a common theme in all forms of literature since time began and is a part of being a social being, humans, that we simply cannot avoid. Where there is a relay of trust, there is an individual willing to extort it. Just as though some individuals will exploit power wherever they can find it in order to better themselves, others will exploit trust to better themselves. This first exploit of trust can be found within Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales. While the whole entire work exposes corruptions within the Catholic Church during Chaucer’s time, the breaking of trust is actually demonstrated within the Pardoner’s Prologue and Tale. At the end of the Pardoner’s tale, he offers the pilgrimage relics, for a fee of course. However, at the prologue of the Pardoner’s tale, the Pardoner himself has explained how the Catholic Church and other fellow pardoners and church officials sell relics which are no more than normal items given with aShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Geoffrey Chaucer s The Canterbury Tales 1697 Words   |  7 Pages Geoffrey Chaucer Thinking of Geoffrey Chaucer one may only consider him as the author of The Canterbury Tales but like most authors they are not only their best works. Unfortunately for most late poets and authors their history isn’t much known, it is usually not documented in general. Yet fortunately for Chaucer he has worked for people who do get their history written about which makes his past a little more well known than other poets of his time. So of course with this there are biographiesRead MoreChaucer s Candide And Shakespeare s Macbeth1317 Words   |  6 Pagessociety in which the author lived such as Voltaire’s’ Candide and Shakespeare’s Macbeth. Geoffrey Chaucer, famous for his The Canterbury Tales, and considered instrumental in the creation of English literature, is not as well known for social commentary in his writing. However, The Canterbury Tales do indeed possess insight and analysis of society, namely the role of the authority figures in the Churc h. Chaucer was critical of the abuses and misuses he saw in the authority within the Church. He demonstratedRead MoreThe Wife Of Bath s Prologue1134 Words   |  5 Pagesdirectly omitting what the male gender was trying to say and therefore is saying that women are better since they can take something already written and rewrite it to better people’s needs. Chaucer goes on to illuminate The Wife of Bath’s argument of female authority through â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Tale.† Throughout the tale, a woman ultimately decides the outcome of a knight destined for death. When a knight is accused of raping a woman, the king is supposed to determine his fate and the consequences he wouldRead MoreAn Analysis Of Chaucer s The Canterbury Tales 2650 Words   |  11 PagesAn Analysis of Chaucer’s Miller in The Canterbury Tales In the prologue to The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer introduces the Miller as a crude, rude, loud character who cheats his customers. The tale, which the Miller later narrates, is appropriate because the Miller’s tale clearly reflects this individual’s unrefined personality by telling a typical, filthy tavern story. The Canterbury Tales, written by Geoffrey Chaucer, is a story that details thirty pilgrims, including Chaucer, traveling onRead MoreAnalysis Of The Canterbury Tales : Chaucer s Second Nun s Tale 2418 Words   |  10 Pages AN ANALYSIS OF THE CANTERBURY TALES: Chaucer’s â€Å"Second Nun’s Tale†. Leah Holle REL. 700a: Transitional Moments in Western Christianity 1 November 5th, 2014 Geoffrey Chaucer was a prominent figure within English Literature during the Middle Ages, and is regarded as one of the greatest English poets. Among Chaucer’s works, The Canterbury Tales is arguably one of his most famous pieces. In this fictional work, there is a collection of over 20 stories that areRead More Contradictions in Chaucers The Canterbury Tales Essay3897 Words   |  16 PagesContradictions in Chaucers The Canterbury Tales There is no question that contradictory values make up a major component of The Canterbury Tales. Fate vs. Fortuna, knowledge vs. experience and love vs. hate all embody Chaucers famous work. These contrasting themes are an integral part of the complexity and sophistication of the book, as they provide for an ironic dichotomy to the creative plot development and undermine the superficial assumptions that might be made. The combination of completelyRead More Canterbury Tales Morality Paper1070 Words   |  5 PagesEternal Bliss or Life Amiss?: Analysis of Theme in Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales The Christian Church has been a driving force in politics and morals for hundreds of years. In the medieval time period in Europe, the Church was particularly strong, a majority of the European peoples and rulers were followers. The set of moral codes and virtues the Church sets forth dictates how each person should live. Provided that one follows these morals, the Church guarantees every follower a placeRead MoreRole Of Women During The United States1082 Words   |  5 PagesStephanie Vissering British Literature 1 Professor Stanley September 27, 2014 Critical Analysis Essay: Role of Women The role of women in the United States has changed dramatically in the last couple of decades. For one, women have taken on responsibilities outside the home, such as joining the paid workforce. While women made up only about one third of the workforce in 1969, women today make up half of the paid workers in the US. Women are also stepping up to lead the country as well as makingRead More Chaucers Canterbury Tales Essay - Women in The Wife of Bath1433 Words   |  6 PagesWomen in Chaucers The Wife of Bath Chaucers The Wife of Baths Prologue and Tale is a medieval legend that paints a portrait of strong women finding love and themselves in the direst of situations. It is presented to the modern day reader as an early tale of feminism showcasing the ways a female character gains power within a repressive, patriarchal society. Underneath the simplistic plot of female empowerment lies an underbelly of anti-feminism. Sometimes this is presented blatantlyRead MoreThe Metrics Of English Literature4721 Words   |  19 Pagesyears of linguistics and literature experience will analyse several texts that belong to different stages of the English language and compare their ideas. Why may you ask? To discuss the points of comparison between linguistics and the aesthetic analysis of English literature and discover the underlying oral similarities of our language Sylvia Miller is renowned for her understanding and interpretation of the aesthetic aspects of English literature throughout the periods Old English to the Modern

The Apology Written By Plato Essay - 919 Words

The Apology Written By Plato, is a detailed account of the trial of Socrates, who was a great philosopher in Athens. Socrates was brought to trial based on charges of â€Å"corrupting the youth† and â€Å"not believing in the gods† (23d). The people of Athens believed Socrates was corrupting the youth because they simply did not understand his method of inquiry, which consisted of Socrates teaching them to question what they thought to be true. Socrates’ method of inquiry drove his listeners to question their beliefs and often brought them to a state of puzzlement, or a state Plato calls ‘aporia.’ There are many examples of the Socratic method present in The Meno, which is also written by Plato. The entirety of The Apology consists of Socrates†¦show more content†¦This idea then leads onto the question of whether virtue is one thing or many things. Meno is then brought to aporia, now having trouble even defining virtue. The use of Socratesâ €™ inquiry in the Meno is a perfect example to show how Socrates pushed his listeners to question their own knowledge. Socrates never told Meno his definitions were wrong and his own were right, rather continued to question Meno’s conclusions to show him that he did not know the true meaning of virtue. The people of Athens were unable to accept the fact that many of them were ignorant on topics such as the definition of virtue, whereas Socrates himself was able to admit it. The Athenians disguised Socrates’ true desire to teach people for corruption and impiety because they believed he was trying to humiliate them. Although the people of Athens were blind of Socrates’ true intentions, his method of inquiry did in fact benefit the city of Athens. Socrates’ methods eliminated ignorance and increased proper knowledge on important things such as virtue and knowledge within the city of Athens, which is what he meant when he said he was â€Å"a gift of the gods to the city of Athens.† In lines 31b Socrates stated, â€Å"That I am the kind of person to be a gift of the god to the city† as a defense towards the accusations that he was corrupting the youth of Athens. The people of Athens believed that Socrates’ methods of teaching were malicious and even thought he wasShow MoreRelatedPlato s Views On Socrates928 Words   |  4 Pageswritings on Socrates came from one of his own disciples, Plato. Plato’s writings are the reason Socrates is historical figure he is today, without them Socrates would have been nothing more than a minor presence (Navia 93). Plato’s writings are classified as either early, middle, or late. However, only the early writings best portray the real Socrates (Navia 105). These writings include the Euthyphro, Crito, Phaedo, and most importantly the Apology, which discusses the trial and execution of SocratesRead MorePlato And Plato s The Apology1623 Words   |  7 Pagesoppose to philosophers such as Plato And Socrates who focused more on ethics or morality. Plato’s conception of God and religion can be depicted in his literatures â€Å"Euthyphro† and â€Å"The Apology† which he expresses through his writings of Socrates in dialogue formation. While one may assume that both Plato and Socrates shared analogous notions of God and religion it is impossible to truly know given the Socratic problem. The problem lies in that there are no written copies of Socrates ideologies, henceRead MoreWhat Are The Charges Against Socrates?1019 Words   |  5 Pagesagainst Socrates as recorded in the Apology. Is he guilty of them? Why or why not? The Apology is assumed to be the most realistic account that has been conserved of Socrates defense of himself as it was presented before the Athenian Council. It is in essential agreement with the references to the trial that occur in Plato s other dialogs. We may determine that Apology is not written by Socrates and only contains the words of Socrates that were memorized by Plato, since he was present at the timeRead More The Apology and the Republic Essay939 Words   |  4 Pagesone of histories most famous philosophers is largely due to Platos writings. Two of Platos famous works include The Apology and The Republic, both written about Socrates views about the so called wise philosophers of his time. The two works hold unique views about government, as well as opening the eyes of the Grecian people to the world as they knew it. In the Apology, Socrates was told by the Delphic Oracle that there was nobody wiser than him. With ancient Greece having been a prominentRead MoreApology And Aristophanes The Clouds982 Words   |  4 Pagesintrigue present day students of classical works, they raise questions about the veracity of his quoted works. There are some works which shed a positive light on the scholar while others convey the contrary. One such comparison is that of Plato’s book, Apology and Aristophanes’ play The Clouds. Throughout both masterpieces there are connotations that they both disagreed and presumably misrepresented Socrates’ methods, beliefs and overall views. Misrepresenting Socrates has inevitably created an only partialRead MorePlatos Philosophy in Apology1375 Words   |  6 PagesPHL202H5 Plato s Philosophy in Apology Plato was known to be one of Socrates students, and knew him for over 40 years. Although Plato s version of Apology is popularly believed to be (the most accurate) historical recount of what happened in 399 B.C on the day of Socrates trial, historians cannot be sure the validity of everything he wrote. It can be argued that it is actually a philosophical work, remarking on the teachings of Socrates and his beliefs, which he stood by even until hisRead MoreThe Big Three Ancient Greek Philosophers1107 Words   |  5 Pagesas Plato and Aristotle. These two philosophers are regarded as two of what some call the Big Three of Philosophy. â€Å"Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. You can’t begin a study of world philosophy without talking about these guys: the Big Three ancient Greek philosophers†(Cohen). Aristotle was Plato’s student, and the remaining member of the Big Three was Plato’s teacher, Socrates. Socrates is regarded as one of the most influential thin kers in history. This assumption coming from Dialogues written byRead MoreUnderstanding Philosophy and Its Benefits1194 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstanding Philosophy and its Benefits By: Anonymous Understanding Philosophy and its Benefits 1 Many of Plato’s dialogues such as the Euthyphro, Apology, Crito and Phaedo are based upon the same reoccurring theme, the defense of the study of philosophy. Plato’s dialogues notable for their depth in a relatively narrow framework, attempt to argue the benefits of philosophical reasoning through essence, knowledge and truth. To understand the benefits of philosophy one must pose the questionRead MoreSocrates One Day At 399 B.c 977 Words   |  4 PagesMay 2017 Socrates One day in 399 B.C., the man championed as the founder of Western philosophy stood before a jury, accused of â€Å"corrupting the young,† â€Å"not believing in the gods† of Athens, and believing â€Å"in other daimonia that are novel† (Plato, â€Å"Apology† 24b). Three hours were given to Socrates’ accusers, and another three for Socrates to defend himself. He was then given a choice: death or exile. To many it was startling that such vague accusations led to even a mention of death, especiallyRead MorePlato, An Ancient Greek Philosopher1458 Words   |  6 Pages Plato, an Ancient Greek Philosopher by Carly Rittenmeyer Bible and the Ancient World Spring 2015 Plato, a Greek Philosopher, is known for his writings that impacted people in the Ancient Greek society. He was a free thinker and lived in a free city, Athens. He was taught by multiple teachers including Socrates who was frequently mentioned in his writings as the central character. Plato’s novel, The Republic, influenced the idea of government and shows

Sample Business Plan Free Essays

Business Plan CLK Corporation Food Industry Members: Claudine Aurellano Liza Gaston Kashka Lantion A. Name of Enterprise Krasi trofi? Once upon a Greek Bistro†¦ B. Location Bonifacio High Street Global City, Taguig City C. We will write a custom essay sample on Sample Business Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Project Description Krasi trofi? (once upon a Greek Bistro†¦) will open at Bonifacio High Street(B1). The store is open from Monday to Sunday at 10AM to 10PM. It introduces an exquisite type of Greek Cuisine in the Philippines. It offers a Greek traditional way of fine dining, where customers can enjoy the customs of Greece like being introduced to the Greek superstitions, traditions, and holidays. The Bistro’s color scheme is blue and white since it’s the color of the national flag of Greece. Its advantage is the specialty dishes that are Greek inspired, as well as the fresh ingredients. D. Project Objective †¢ To introduce a new taste to Filipino customers. †¢ To introduce to Filipinos the traditions and cultural ways of Greeks. †¢ To attract future investors through the unique way of our business. In any business, the main goal is to earn profit. †¢ To be competitive in the food industry by producing income. E. Mission Statement Our product mission is to let our clients/target market experience the Greek way of living as well as satisfying their wants, needs, and expectations. Our economic mission is to gain profit and to expand the business as well as to achieve our set margins in order to have a stable business and to satisfy shareholders. Our social mission is to provide employment to Filipinos and give them a great opportunity of experiencing a different way of serving in a fine restaurant, in order for them to have an extraordinary skill in the future. Vision The company’s vision is for the next 3 years is to increase our profit to more than 50% of our current earnings. The business performance will also increase and attract other investors and shareholders. Gaining more investors will lead to the expansion of the business to greater markets. In those three years we intend to gain more clients that patronize our product and services. We, not only sell the products, but as well as the different yet wonderful experience in dining with us. F. Highlights of the Project †¢ Company’s History Greece is famous for their large appetite which is identical to the eating habits of Filipinos, that is why Krasi trofi? wanted to bring a new kind of cookery that is familiar as well in the Filipino culture. Greece is also known for its specialty ingredients like lambs, yogurts, olives, and wine that create remarkable dishes. Greece is also well-known for its lively entertainment and its superstitions and traditions that they practice up to now. Krasi trofi? would also illustrate a Greek Style of service that would bring excitement and satisfaction to its customers. Project time table and status †¢ Industry analysis †¢ Financial analysis †¢ Investment G. Major Suppositions Used and Summary of Findings †¢ Market Viability †¢ Technical Viability †¢ Financial Viability †¢ Socio-Economic Viability †¢ Management Viability H. Conclusion of the Study ‘ Chapter II Market Study A. Product Description Krasi trofi? is a fine dining Greek Bistro that caters dishes like Fricasse (arn-nee free-cah-seh), a stew lamb made with spinach, Sadziki (tsa-tsi-key): Yogurt, cucumber and garlic, and salt. It is great on fresh Greek bread. Those are few of the cuisines that we offer. Our dishes are both Greek and Filipino-inspired that interest more customers. B. Demand and Supply Demand  refers to how much (quantity) of a product or service is desired by buyers. The quantity demanded is the amount of a product people are willing to buy at a certain price; the relationship between price and quantity demanded is known as the demand relationship. Supply  represents how much the market can offer. The quantity supplied refers to the amount of a certain good producers are willing to supply when receiving a certain price. The correlation between price and how much of a good or service is supplied  to the market is known as the supply relationship. Price, therefore, is a reflection of supply and demand. C. Demand and Supply analysis The analysis of demand and supply depends on how the relationship is doing. For example, if the demand is high and the supply remains constant, the price therefore will increase. It is because there is a scarcity of supply; therefore there is a limited number of product/service that can be purchased so people who can only afford the product can buy it. And when the demand is lower than the supply, then the price would decrease because the company should be able to produce and sell all the supplies in order to gain back their capital. Price, therefore, is a reflection of supply and demand. D. List of competitors CYMA Greek Taverna Manos Greek Taverna E. Study on Product, Place and Promotion (Needs geographic, survey and demographic) F. Marketing program How to cite Sample Business Plan, Papers

Situation Analysis before Launching a New Product in the Market

Question: Discuss about the Situation Analysis for Launch of a New Product. Answer: Introduction Situation analysis is conducted by the company manager to analyse an organisations environment which includes both internal and external to understand the capabilities of the organisation, business environment and customers. Here, a situation analysis of a new product launched by the well-known company Coca-Cola is done to understand the above-given situation of the company. The Coca-Cola company has launched Coffeelaa a beverage that has a flavour of the Coca-Cola and coffee. Further, in the report marketing analysis, SWOT analysis, Industrial analysis, etc. are taken up to get the exact picture of the product (Ran, 2010). Situation Analysis Situation Analysis is taken up by the company manager to know about the situation of the company at the present moment. This situation analysis is generally taken when there is some major decision is needed to be taken in the company. For example, in this case the Coca-Cola Company is going to launch a new product Coffeelaa. Thus, before actually launching the product the company managers has to decide the marketing criteria for the launch of the product to make it a success and this marketing criteria is determined with the help of situation analysis taken up by the company manager. The situation analysis includes various analysis and they are explained below. External Analysis The Coca-Cola companys present situation is determined here with the help of various external analyses, and they are as follows:- Industry Analysis The Coca-Cola Company stands as very reputed and well-known beverage company holding a big share in the beverage market throughout the world. It has come up with new products on various occasions to lure various targeted customers. Here, an analysis of the company present situation and an assumed future market share has been represented with the help of image given below. This analysis will help the managers of the company to ascertain the market for the new product Coffeelaa. (Iwamuro et al., 2014) Fig 1: - The current market share and the assumed market share of the products of Coca-Cola company. Source: - (www.suredividend.com) Market Analysis A company is running in profit or loss is determined by the market share and demand for the companys products amongst the customer. Here, the competitor analysis and customer analysis are done to reflect the current market situation of the company (Noorinasab and Hemati, 2012). Competitors Analysis There are many competitors of Coca-Cola Company throughout the world where PepsiCo Company is taken to be the biggest competition for the company. Here an analysis of various products and their market share is being reflected through an image given below (Wang, 2015). Fig 2: - The market share of various products of Coca-Cola Company against its competitor Source: - (www.blogspot.com) Strategic group mapping is used by the company for the purpose of showing the standing of the company against the rival firms in the market. It helps in the analysing competitive structure of the industry. A strategic group map helps the company manager to find the current standing of the company in the market including its competitors. When the company launches a new product like in this case Coffeelaa then managers will be able to ascertain the amount of focus required by the company on introducing its product. Also, if the competitors of the company also have the same kind of product then how Coffeelaa can become a success by using the companys position in the market (Berkers, 2008). It helps in identifying the main competitors and the attractive and unattractive position of the firms. As the company is introducing a new product, then it help in analysing the level and type of entry barriers a company will face (Elmore, 2013). The next image shows the strategic position of the company. Fig 3: - Strategic position of the Coco-Cola Company Source: - (https://image.slidesharecdn.com) Customer Analysis Customers are the main target of any company because they are the people who are going to purchase the product and provide profit to the company. It is very significant for the company to determine what a customer need and then manufacture its product as to fulfill their demands. If the product is as per the customers demand, it will have more chances of success. If the demand has to be created amongst the customer, then the product need to be perceived in such a way that they feel that the product it an ultimate need for them. Whats an average customer demand is being presented with the help of an image given below (Cermak, 2015). Fig 4: - The consumption details of various drinks Source: - (https://research-methodology.net) Microenvironment PESTLE analysis helps the managers to have a birds eye view of the positioning of the company in and around the industry. PESTLE analysis includes the political, environmental, social, technological, legal, and economic factors that help in determining the current scenario of the company (Fletcher, Frisvold and Tefft, 2011). Political- Coca-Cola is regulated under FDA as it is as it deals in non-alcoholic beverages. It is necessary for the company to follow and maintain firm standard laws set up by FDA. Coca-Cola deals throughout the world thus, it becomes very important for the company to make sure that are aware of the present political situation of the country they are selling their brand. Economic- recently the world is facing an economic downturn which has affected the economy of all the countries. This has led the companys profit towards diminishing. Therefore, it becomes necessary to determine before launching a new product that people have purchasing power or not (Foster, 2014). Social- cultures of different countries affect the choice of drink they prefer to have. Like in India people prefer non-alcoholic beverages where as in Canada alcoholic beverages are more common. Any kind of marketing done for the product is planned by keeping mind the social culture of that country. Technological- in this advance age of technology, companies are also changing their working. For example, they have included social media to advertise their new product, as this is the most interactive technology that youth of today is using. Legal- on beverage companies there are many legal implications. With such a vast business setup it becomes very important for the company to follow all the legal points that a particular country demands (Godwin and Okafor, 2012). Environmental- Environmental factors generally do not affect the Coca-Cola Company. As it is not an agro-based company. Internal Analysis The Coca-Cola companys current situation is determined here with the help of various internal analyses, and they are as follows:- Operations Operations of the company help in identifying the strength and weaknesses of the company. Operations are to be regulated in such a way that it uses all its exclusive and effective skills and bring customers for the company. The 4P framework helps the company to determine the skilled operations of the company. The 4P framework of the Coca-Cola Company is given below: - Product- The Cocoa-Cola Company has a wide range of product as per the targeted customers. It will be not wrong if said that Coca-Cola has something for everyone. Now with the new product Coffeelaa Coca-Cola will target the coffee loving customers who cannot get their favourite coffee whenever they want it (Gupta, 2011). Pricing- the price of different products of the Coca-Cola Company is different, and it depends on the demand and geographic condition of the area. Pricing is also done by keeping in mind the pricing strategy of their competitors. Place- Coca-Cola has its plant all over the world and sells its product throughout the world. The Coca-Cola Company follows the pattern of FMCG distribution as their own distribution system (Hattersley et al., 2009). Promotion- with the increasing competitors it becomes very necessary for the company to plan their promotion strategy better than the competitors. Coca-Cola, in general uses festivals or big sports events as the base of their promotion strategy. Use of celebrities also helps in promoting the brand as they help in connecting the product with the customers. Financial Analysis Financial analysis of the company is taken out to know the current financial status of the company. This analysis shows the soundness of the company. It is true that a new product launched is not necessary becomes a hit from day one. It may incur losses in the starting. It is necessary that the company should be sound enough to bear those losses. As here also the company is launching its new product Coffeelaa, so the financial situation of the company is necessary to be analysed. The financial ratio of the Coca-Cola Company of the year 2014 is given below to clear the analysis (Ihueze and Okafor, 2010). Fig 5: - Financial Analysis Ratio of the Coca-Cola Company Source: - (https://image.slidesharecdn.com) The external and internal analysis of the Coca-Cola Company is going to help the managers is deciding the marketing criteria for the new product Coffeelaa that the company is launching (Kumar, Boesso and Michelon, 2014). SWOT/TOWS SWOT Analysis An analysis performed on the companys current situation to find out the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the company. This analysis will help the company managers to decide the most effective skills that can be used and reduce the threats to the company. It will also provide the strengths of the company to know what can be used in the favour of the company (Osueke and Ehirim, 2008). Strength Brand Equity- Coca-Cola has a vast global presence and brand identity. Company Valuation- Coca-Cola is worlds one of the most valuable company. It is valued at 80 billion dollars. This includes assets, plants, and profit of the company across the world. Fantastic Marketing Strategies- Coca-Cola has fantastic promotion techniques which not only target youth but all the age groups. They use celebrities to promote their brand (Pollitt, 2014). Weaknesses Competition with Pepsi- Pepsi is a big competitor for Coca-Cola. If Pepsi would not be their then the whole beverage market would be of Coca-Cola Company. Diversification of products is low- Coca-Cola has restrained itself to the beverages segment only, where as its main competitor has entered in the snacks segment also. This segment is a revenue generator which helps the company to increase profit. The absence in health drinks- in the present days people are getting aware of their health. Thus, many people now prefer to have health drinks in place of carbonated beverages. This proves to be a big setback for the company (Ramanathan and Muyldermans, 2010). Opportunities Diversification- there is a number of other industry in which the company can step in to increase its revenue for example health and food. Developing Nation- Coca-Cola has a vast presence in the developed countries, but people of these countries are now slowly drifting towards health drinks. Thus, the company can now focus more on developing countries where people still prefer carbonated drinks over health drinks (Sundar, 2012). Threats Raw material sourcing- the scarcity of water is becoming a huge problem everywhere. Water is the main component of the products prepared by the Coca-Cola Company. Thus, in future getting clean and usable water will be very difficult and that will prove to be a big threat for the company. Indirect Competitors- coffee chains, health drinks, and juices are proving to be sharing the market share of the company. They are proving to be a threat for the company (Wardlaw, 2009). TOWS Threats 1. Exchange Rates in different countries 2. Large competition 3. Growing global warming problems Opportunities 1. Growing population 2. Technological advancement 3. Growing demand for healthier products Weaknesses 1. Seen as an unhealthy product 2. Low popularity in the Middle East 3. Use of fossil fuels to make bottles 1. Coca-Cola can make a healthier product which is more appealing and also help them with the threat of competition 2. The company can buy local products that may help in breaking into the Middle East market. 3. Coca-Cola can build a more sustainable bottle that doesnt use fossil fuels and is more recyclable to help with global warming. 1. Coca-Cola needs to make their product healthier so they can get a better image and also target the rising demand for healthier products. 2. A need of rise in technological advances is required so more sustainable bottle can be built. 3. In the Middle East different market could be targeted. The increasing population has provided a number of markets everywhere. Strengths 1. Large market share 2. Strong advertisement campaigns 3. Customer loyalty to the brand 1. Coca-Cola has strong customer loyalty so they can afford to increase cost of their product to tackle the different exchange rates. 2. Coca-Cola leads in advertisement campaigns. If better and smarter ways are used to advertise then competing with other brands becomes easy. 3. Coca-Cola has a large market share, because of this they are more popular than other brands and the company can make partnerships with other organisations to battle global warming. 1. The increasing population has helped in opening more markets which the company can target to increase the market share. 2. Advantage of technological advances can be taken to create better advertisements. 3. They can make a healthier product to meet the demand for healthier products which in turn will also increase their customer loyalty. Marketing Objectives SMART Objectives The smart objectives for the newly launched product Coffeelaa are; - To make Coffeelaa a known product through proper advertisement Achieve the target of selling two million unit in the first month of launch across the world Introduce it as a unique product of the known brand. Targeted customers need to be told about the product through personalised campaigning(Zhou and Wan, 2013). References Cermak, P. (2015). Customer Profitability Analysis and Customer Life Time Value Models: Portfolio Analysis.Procedia Economics and Finance, 25, pp.14-25. Iwamuro, M., Kawai, Y., Shiraha, H., Takaki, A., Okada, H. and Yamamoto, K. (2014). In Vitro Analysis of Gastric Phytobezoar Dissolubility by Coca-Cola, Coca-Cola Zero, Cellulase, and Papain.Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 48(2), pp.190-191. Noorinasab, S. and Hemati, M. (2012). A comparative Kano analysis on customer satisfaction based on customer and employment perspectives.Management Science Letters, 2(5), pp.1555-1562. Ran, S. (2010). Chinese Translation of Coca-Cola: Analysis and Enlightenment.ACH, 2(2). Wang, M. (2015). Brief Analysis of Sports Marketing Strategy Adopted by Coca-Cola Company.Asian Social Science, 11(23). Berkers, E. (2008). Tastes differ: Comparing company strategies, innovation trajectories and knowledge sources in Dutch soft drink production in the 1930s.Business History, 50(3), pp.351-367. Elmore, B. (2013). Citizen Coke: An Environmental and Political History of the Coca-Cola Company.Enterprise and Society, 14(4), pp.717-731. Fletcher, J., Frisvold, D. and Tefft, N. (2011). Are soft drink taxes an effective mechanism for reducing obesity?.J. Pol. Anal. Manage., 30(3), pp.655-662. Foster, R. (2014). Corporations as Partners: Connected Capitalism and The Coca-Cola Company.PoLAR, 37(2), pp.246-258. Godwin, H. and Okafor, C. (2012). Modified Trend and Seasonal Time Series Analysis for Operations: A Case Study of Soft Drink Production.JERA, 7, pp.63-72. Gupta, S. (2011). MIR talks to Stan Sthanunathan, Vice President of Marketing Strategy and Insights, Coca-Cola Company.GfK Marketing Intelligence Review, 3(1). Hattersley, L., Irwin, M., King, L. and Allman-Farinelli, M. (2009). Determinants and patterns of soft drink consumption in young adults: a qualitative analysis.Public Health Nutr., 12(10), p.1816. Ihueze, C. and Okafor, E. (2010). Multivariate Time Series Analysis for Optimum Production Forecast: A Case Study of 7up Soft Drink Company in Nigeria.African Research Review, 4(3). Kumar, K., Boesso, G. and Michelon, G. (2014). How Do Strengths and Weaknesses in Corporate Social Performance Across Different Stakeholder Domains Affect Company Performance?.Business Strategy and the Environment, 25(4), pp.277-292. Osueke, J. and Ehirim, F. (2008). Chemical, nutritional and sensory analysis of Zobo drink (Var sabdariffa) and selected soft drinks.Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 2(1). Pollitt, D. (2014). Deepwater Horizon exposes BPs PR strengths and weaknesses.Human Resource Management International Digest, 22(7), pp.23-25. Ramanathan, U. and Muyldermans, L. (2010). Identifying demand factors for promotional planning and forecasting: A case of a soft drink company in the UK.International Journal of Production Economics, 128(2), pp.538-545. Sundar, D. (2012). Unleashing the Entrepreneurial Potential of Women:initiative of Coca Cola Company.GJRA, 3(8), pp.1-3. Wardlaw, B. (2009). Got Gas? Mark Thomas Belches Out the Coca-Cola Company.Monthly Review, 61(7), p.57. Zhou, Y. and Wan, X. (2013). The Bottleneck: Product Variety and Coordination Failures at A Major Soft Drink Bottling Company.Academy of Management Proceedings, 2013(1), pp.10302-10302. blogspot. (2016).blogspot. [online] Available at: - https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FpMz6ahp_X8/VEpTth3KAMI/AAAAAAAAAGw/J4tNoGnx6ls/s1600/t11.jpg.[Accessed 11 Aug. 2016]. I1.wp.com. (2016).suredividend. [online] Available at: https://i1.wp.com/www.suredividend.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Coca-Cola-Growth-and-Market-Share-e1410197550337.png.[Accessed 11 Aug. 2016]. Image.slidesharecdn.com. (2016).slideshare. [online] Available at: https://image.slidesharecdn.com/companyreportim201402tsukuba-140903004419-phpapp01/95/internet-marketing-cases-japan-2014-61-638.jpg?cb=1409705295.[Accessed 11 Aug. 2016]. 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The captain of the Sephora Essay Example

The captain of the Sephora Essay Both Legatt and the captain are unknown to an experienced crew. The captain had been appointed to his position, becoming a complete stranger among men who had worked together for some time. I had been appointed to the command only a fortnight before. Neither did I know much of the hands forward. All these people had been together for eighteen months or so, and my position was that of the only stranger on board. (pg 2) His fellow crew regarded Legatt as a stranger to the Sephora. Seven- and thirty virtuous years at sea, of which over twenty of immaculate command, and the last fifteen in the Sephora (pg 12) I did not encourage that young fellow (pg12) The captain of the Sephora had not felt that Legatt was worthy enough to be a chief mate. . he wasnt exactly the sort for the chief mate of a ship like the Sephora! (pg 17) The captains intense relationship with his secret sharer, Legatt, resolved in him feeling that mentally, two people had become one. The mental feeling of being in two places at once had affected me physically. (pg 20) The captain describes his secret sharer as his double; they are mentally, physically a shadow of each other. I was so identified with my secret double (pg 21) .my other self in there (pg 22) We will write a custom essay sample on The captain of the Sephora specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The captain of the Sephora specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The captain of the Sephora specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The secret partnership Legatt and the captain have, becomes stronger and more apparent as the story unveils. The captain feels he can share anything with his secret sharer. At the beginning of the story, the captain does not know his place and has feelings of inadequacy. It becomes increasingly apparent to the captain that if he fails in his abilities to lead his ship and crew, then his future could be as bleak as Legatts. . and I realised suddenly that all my future, for which I was fit, would perhaps go irretrievably to pieces in any mishap to my first command (pg 26) Near the end of the story, the captain gets in tune with himself and feels confident about his abilities and role as a captain. After choosing to risk the life of himself and his crew in order to save the life of Legatt, he risks everything for the sake of his stranger, to help him reach land so he can begin a new life. The captain skillfully averts destruction and remarks on his new found trust in his crew and his ability as the ships commander. Nothing! No one on the world should stand between us, throwing a shadow on the way of silent knowledge and mute affection, the perfect communication of a seaman with his first command. The captain realises he is in complete control and is confident as a leader of his vessel. His newly discovered trust in his abilities will help in the rest of his journey and the rest of his life. i As a direct result of his relationship with the secret sharer, the captain transforms from an inexperienced and insecure individual to a self assured and stable leader. In the beginning of the story, the captain does not know his place and has feelings of inadequacy. This changes when the captain meets the secret sharer and becomes secure and confident in his duty and his abilities. By releasing him into freedom, he is achieving his own maturation, and for it he is willing to pay a heavy price. After this experience the captain is ready to start a new confident life and guide his ship on its journey. The outcome of the story is that Legatt and the captain both become free, Legatt achieves personal freedom and the captain becomes free of his fears of command. This signifies the final bid they share together freedom.

Free Essays on Time

What if one had the ability to â€Å"freeze† time? This ability may not exist directly, but many philosophers believe that time is, though not quite frozen, stationary. Other philosophers believe the opposite is true - that time is cyclical, revolving, moving. Time is the subject of an amazing philosophical debate of its nature, its role in the history of thought and action, its bearing on human emotions, and how it affects religious views. A question that every philosopher of time faces is whether or not time flows or is stationary. The two possible answers, that time flows as a rate of change with respect to something else, or that people advance through a stationary time, are constantly in debate. If time actually does flow, it would have to flow with respect to something else. Flow as a rate of change is such a type of motion that it would cause a sort of hypertime to be created This hypertime would also have to flow, therefore having a hyper-hypertime, which would have a hyper-hyper-hypertime, and so on; the flow of time would include a flow of something else that would include the flow of something else, and so on. The idea that time flows is extremely confusing, if not impractical. The idea that time is stationary and that humans advance through it makes much more sense. Stationary time would mean that the passage of time is an illusion. This idea indicates that human consciousness advances up a timelike direction - that because of human consciousness and perception, time has relevance in people’s lives where it would not if humans did not impose it upon themselves. The idea that time is stationary and that humans pass through it is indeed the popular view. Philosophers who maintain this belief are of two types: process philosophers and philosophers of the manifold. Process philosophers maintain that the flow of time (or human advance through it) can be understood only by â€Å"nonrational intuition† (â€Å"time†). They beli... Free Essays on Time Free Essays on Time What if one had the ability to â€Å"freeze† time? This ability may not exist directly, but many philosophers believe that time is, though not quite frozen, stationary. Other philosophers believe the opposite is true - that time is cyclical, revolving, moving. Time is the subject of an amazing philosophical debate of its nature, its role in the history of thought and action, its bearing on human emotions, and how it affects religious views. A question that every philosopher of time faces is whether or not time flows or is stationary. The two possible answers, that time flows as a rate of change with respect to something else, or that people advance through a stationary time, are constantly in debate. If time actually does flow, it would have to flow with respect to something else. Flow as a rate of change is such a type of motion that it would cause a sort of hypertime to be created This hypertime would also have to flow, therefore having a hyper-hypertime, which would have a hyper-hyper-hypertime, and so on; the flow of time would include a flow of something else that would include the flow of something else, and so on. The idea that time flows is extremely confusing, if not impractical. The idea that time is stationary and that humans advance through it makes much more sense. Stationary time would mean that the passage of time is an illusion. This idea indicates that human consciousness advances up a timelike direction - that because of human consciousness and perception, time has relevance in people’s lives where it would not if humans did not impose it upon themselves. The idea that time is stationary and that humans pass through it is indeed the popular view. Philosophers who maintain this belief are of two types: process philosophers and philosophers of the manifold. Process philosophers maintain that the flow of time (or human advance through it) can be understood only by â€Å"nonrational intuition† (â€Å"time†). They beli... Free Essays on Time It is apparent to all of us that life is an obstacle in itself. Our goal is to get through all of life’s troubles that are thrown at us and enjoy the good times that come, take nothing for granted and appreciate life itself. We also must focus on the present and forget about the past and future because we cannot change the past, and we are always aware of the fact the future will bring new challenges. The aforementioned thoughts are explained thoroughly in the song, â€Å"Good Riddance (Time Of Your Life)† by Green Day. There is no way to stop time from passing by, but we can control time rather that it controlling us. In my opinion, Green Day does not provide a good definition of how we should define time. I think that we should manage our time, so that we can control our future rather than the future controlling us. From the first line of the song â€Å"Another turning point another fork stuck in the road†(1), we learn that the poem is going to explain the author’s view of time. When I first read these words a feeling of negativity passes through my mind because most of the time when transition occurs in our life there is a lost feeling in our mind. This lost feeling is then explained more thoroughly in the next group of words in the poem. When someone refers to a fork stuck in the road, the first thing that comes to my mind is struggle. It means that something got in the way, which caused the people to take another path. From experience, I know that switching paths and changing your goals and/or dreams, is not easy. Throughout the poem, transition is used both lines and verses to show the true meaning of time in the song. Transitions in music are a single line or group of lines in the song that help reader to better understand the total meaning of the song. As we move to the second line, â€Å"Time grabs you by the wrist directs you where to go† (2), time is described in a new sense. In this line time serves as som...

Draw class diagram for the situation Research Paper

Draw class diagram for the situation - Research Paper Example Visibility can be private, public or protected. In Jim Smith’s dealership situation as presented, there are four classes involved: Manufacturer, Car, Buyer and Contact information. Each class has its own attributes, the car manufacturer has both name and contact information as its attributes, the car has list price, buying price, model name and model series, the buyer has a name, car bought, buying price and address and finally contact information with both address and phone number as attributes. All the attributes of all the classes should be private hence the negative sign before the attributes. Association between the classes is an important part of class diagrams and is as follows according to the situation presented in Jim Smith’s dealership: A car manufacturer can sell one or many cars to the dealership, a buyer can buy one or many cars from the dealership, a buy lives at one specific

The philosophies of Thomas Aquinas and Immanuel Kant Essay

The philosophies of Thomas Aquinas and Immanuel Kant - Essay Example Being a mainstream rationalist of his time, Immanuel Kant also endorsed this view to a very significant extent. They believed that not only did all knowledge come from the senses, but that knowledge is ultimately gained from reasoning about the senses of one's experiences. From here there emerges another similar conception; their view of ethics itself. For Aquinas as well as for Kant ethics are derived from practical reasoning. This notion further allows them to conceptualize and distinct good deeds from bad and thus pave way for another similarity that founds the very basis of how they perceive justice and law. In this instance, they agree that laws can be derived from practical reasoning and because of this possible, this rationale can help determine the right from the wrong or vice versa. This means that, by design, we are all obligated to follow the law of morale. This also implies the significance of justice in perceiving the moral obligations of humanity.For Aquinas, all prior stems from God and is thus external from humans. Kant, on the other hand, describes his belief that prior in its entirety is inspired from within one's self. Since Kant believes prior comes from within us, he also contemplates this to be the sole source of our insight to the world. That is to imply that the understanding of the world comes from within us and, therefore, our minds wrap the world around itself and changes our experiences to match what our minds expect to see. Unlike Kant however, Aquinas's thoughts on this idea are quite the opposite.

Fulfillment of the prophecies and Promises of a new Temple in Ezekiel Research Paper

Fulfillment of the prophecies and Promises of a new Temple in Ezekiel 40-48 - Research Paper Example To understand whether the prophecies are fulfilled, one has to relate these prophecies to the language in which the text is rendered, the relationship between the New Temple and the Restoration of Israel, the literal animal sacrifices in the Kingdom Age, the promise of a New Temple and the Coming of Christ, and the development and portrayal of the idea of the New Temple in the New Testament. Scholars view the fulfillment of the prophecies and promises from different angles. While many are of the opinion that these prophecies are merely symbolic, others believe that these prophecies have a literal context, and these will be fulfilled in the future. While the former group considers the prophecies as a symbolic representation of idealistic views, the latter argues that Ezekiel meant the temple to be literally constructed and consecrated for worship. The debates notwithstanding, the fact remains that Ezekiel’s proposition of the temple is founded on literal premises, rather than f igurative allusions, by way of its reliance on earthly language, understanding of historical events, rituals to be performed in the temple, the expected Second Coming of Christ and the development and portrayal of the ideas of the New Temple in the New Testament. ... Besides, he refers to priests donning linen robes and performing rituals in the New Temple. Scholars such as Feinberg, Gray, Kelly, Pentacost and Scofield maintain that all these allusions tend to validate that Ezekiel meant the temple to be literal rather than symbolic or figurative. Ezekiel 40-48 is based on the hermeneutical assumptions and manifests the same exegetical techniques. Most of the terms used are Christian and the â€Å"allusions to Ezekiel in the book of revelation are based on the Hebrew text†1 On another level, the contents of the book promote ritual codes of behavior that protect the community from the threat of impurity and set the whole ritual system inside the impregnable fortress of the new community. It is not only in the content that the prophet’s background becomes evident but also in his constant and striking use of cultic language. Many scholars believe that Ezekiel’s text â€Å"uses for preference the priestly/cultic language of defi lement†2 Even when the sins illustrated in the work are not in themselves ritual, Ezekiel frequently applies cultic language to explain them. Ezekiel’s inventive reaction to the crisis was to refresh the old institution of the temple by expanding its symbolic language further than the strictly priestly sphere and taking it into a level where the literal meaning would become evident through his allusions about the ordinary materials such as common wood or stones (Ezekiel 40:16, 22, 26, 34, 37, 42, 41:16-22, 25-26). This is in utter contrast with John’s version, which speaks of a heavenly city made of â€Å"gold, pearls and rare gemstones† (Revelation 21: 16- 21). Thus, by the deployment

Sexual harassment opinions

Sexual harassment opinions Effects Sexual harassment often has adverse effects on the victims performance at work. Both the quantity and the quality of work may suffer, as well as the employees morale, attendance, and ability to work with others. Sexual harassment can cause employers losses in productivity and can lead to greater employee turnover and use of sick leave. The harassment can also harm the victims psychological and physical well-being. Sexual harassment can also have indirect effects ?p society. Many feminist scholars consider sexual harassment to be a form of oppression that men use to maintain male-dominated power structures. Women in fields of work that men have traditionally occupied-such as the military, law enforcement, and fire fighting-experience higher rates of sexual harassment. Some researchers assert that regardless of whether harassment is an intentional attempt to oppress girls and women, it contributes to lower achievement by women in society. Power differences between men and women, result from societys traditional sex-role stereotyping and is a major cause of sexual harassment. ? culture tending to place males into greater positions of power than females would expect to have women file a higher rate of sexual harassment complaints because they occupy positions of less authority. When unequal?al power relationships between the sexes are rooted in cultural experiences, work co?texts can provide a foundation legitimizing sexual harassment in the workplace. Cultural conditioning can create an environment conducive to sexually harassing behaviours. Expectations that women are passive and submissive and that men are aggressive and dominant create situations conducive to these behaviours. ? sexually harassing and hostile workplace can establish specific patterns of verbal and nonverbal communication creating unequal power relationships between men and women. PSYCHOLOGICAL OPINIONS ABOUT SEXUAL HARASSMENT CLAIMS While psychologists may offer an opinion regarding the connection between a traumatic event and emotional injury in an accident, that is less clear in sexual harassment. ?he emotional trauma experienced by the victim of sexual harassment is based ?p perceptions about the behaviour of others by the victim. Psychologists are not qualified to determine if sexual harassment took place, because that is a legal question, not a psychological one. However, psychologists can offer an opinion regarding whether a particular action by one individual can reasonably lead t? emotional distress in p another individual. Most of the time, psychologists are asked to evaluate victims of sexual harassment t? assess whether they are exhibiting any psychological distress, and whether that distress appears to be related to specific events ?p the part of another person. ?he court must then decide whether those actions were appropriate ?G legal. Some individuals misinterpret harmless, reasonable behaviour as malicious and specifically directed at themselves. Diagnostically this is called ideas of reference. ?his would suggest an individual with some type of psychological problem who overreacts t? reasonable behaviour because of their own perception of the world and the other person. ?his often occurs in individuals with personality disorders, paranoid disorders, ?G other psychological problems that might involve delusions ?G extreme exaggerations of negative events in their lives. ?therefore, psychological evaluations in sexual harassment cases also focus ?p the expectations of the victim, and whether the victim presents with psychological symptoms which result in exaggerated negative conclusions about others. For example, a persons boss is of a different sex than the person. The worker believes that the boss is sexist and discriminates against the workers sex. ?he worker requests to work on a specific project, but its not chosen. The worker assumes the choice was based on sexist behaviour, rather than merit ?G chance. ?he worker experiences a number of events like this over time, and feels harassed because of it, resulting in depression. Is this sexual harassment? ?he answer depends ?p many factors, such as alternative · reasons for not selecting the worker, whether the worker was selected positively ?p other occasions, whether other individuals had credentials which led to choosing them instead, and whether other individuals of the same sex as the worker experienced similar problems and perceptions. In addition to evaluating the presence ?G absence of psychological disorders, psychologists may also offer opinions regarding whether a persons expectations are reasonable, based on the circumstances. Many psychological problems result when we expect people to treat us in an unrealistically positive way. These cases are not clear cut, because they are not based solely ?p the identification of a psychological problem. Ultimately, the court will decide whether there is sufficient evidence to conclude that sexual harassment took place. Although sexual harassment is not specifically included in Title of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 in USA, it flows by regulation of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) from sex discrimination. It is defined as unwelcome sexual advances requests for sexual fa?ours and other ?verbal ?G physical/ conduct of a sexual/ nature, when linked to employment conditions, as part of a quid pro quo for employment decisions ?G when it creates an offensive, hostile work environment. Sexual harassment behaviours range from sexual innuendo, touching, and flirtatious remarks, to clear-cut sexual assault and rape. Often these are accompanied by retaliation against the victim for reporting it. It is estimated by some that up to 60% of victims ignore sexual harassment, believing that if they complain it will only cause more harm. In recent years, however, sexual harassment litigation has been increasing dramatically. In the past five or six years the EEOC reports that these complaints have almost tripled in number and by the year 2000 it is predicted that they will double again. What sexual harassment is and whether or not it occurred are legal and factual matters, but invariably psychological issues become embroiled in them and psychological opinions are frequently presented as part of the claim. These opinions are usually ones which either clarify the claim or define the damage. Psychological opinions which attempt to clarify the claim are the most controversial because they draw conclusions or make inferences about factual matters. Since many times it is only the word of the victim against the harasser, these opinions can tip the scales one way or another. Sometimes psychologists who give such opinions, and who may be acting in good faith, do not realize that they are entering a non-psychological area. This is in part because psychologists in a treatment relationship with a patient claiming sexual harassment need to validate the seriousness of the patients experience if they are to be helpful. But taking that clinical validation to a courtroom is another story. This is why treating psychologists are inherently biased if they are performing their clinical job well. This is also why independent experts, whose scope of inquiry is broader and who are not allied to the patient, may be in a more objective position to give opinions. Regardless of who is giving the opinion, mental health science has not reached the level of sophistication or accuracy to be able to determine whether an alleged sexual harassment incident actually occurred. No constellation of symptoms, mental status appearance, or psychological test results can do that. Even if suspect factors such a bizarre psychotic account, gross inconsistencies, obvious manipulation or marked personality predisposition are not present, psychologists dont really know who is Iying, who is fantasizing, and who is embellishing. However, opinions about a victims behaviour in the harassment situation may be appropriate, especially when a fact finder might not understand it otherwise. So, for example, explaining that victims often remain silent because of economic necessity, fear of retaliation, intimidation and powerlessness, or embarrassment may be helpful. But, care must be taken not to conclude that this victim who may have responded that way was, therefore, harassed; in addition, psychological opinions can help clarify typical response patterns that a victim of sexual harassment exhibits. Reactions such as guilt, self-blame, minimization and denial of harassment ?G even disconnecting onself emotionally from the uncomfortable events are not ?unusual .Without an understanding of those types of responses, a victim may be incriminated as inconsistent with having been harassed. Again, focusing on the general pattern of trauma response is not the same as concluding that harassment occurred. Psychological opinions in sexual harassment claims often ignore more complex organizational and workplace dynamics which form the background of many of these claims. Without input from people at the workplace and review of employment files, the account of the alleged victim stands in isolation from many potential contributing factors. It is not uncommon, for example, for personnel issues such as poor performance, reprimands and warnings, or fear of termination to present a crisis for which a sexual harassment claim serves as a convenient solution. Psychological evaluations which explore all aspects of the work environment, interpersonal relationships there, and work performance can provide a more balanced view of the relative seriousness of the known stressors, Another area for psychological opinions is identifying personality traits ?G personality disorders which may have created or contributed to the claim. First of all, not all sexual harassment is actionable. It must be severe or pervasive enough to create an objectively hostile or abusive work environment. Similarly, if the claimant is a not a reasonable woman of normal sensitivity, her claim may not prevail. ? number of personality disorders can play an important role in employment litigation and provide an alternative explanation of the claimants emotional distress. For e?ample, histrionic personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, anti-social personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and paranoid personality disorder are just a few descriptions of people who have unusual sensitivity or are predisposed to maladaptive ways of dealing with others. If there is a clear history ?G pattern of such personality traits, then psychological opinions about them are imp ortant for a full understanding of events. Again, this does not mean that the psychological opinion can conclude that an event did not occur, in fact, individuals with some personality disorders may be vulnerable to victimization. Similarly, there may be a personality disorder that is present in the alleged harasser which can help explain a predatory pattern of conduct. A past history of sexual abuse can predispose a person to a variety of different reactions which may influence a later sexual harassment claim. Since the standard for Iiability in these claims is that of a reasonable woman who is not hypersensitive, the typical eggshell rule of common law does not apply expect as to damages. So, a person who has been previously abused may have developed fear, hyper vigilance, and an unusual sensitivity. In this context, even a trivial innocuous remark may produce an excessive reaction. Also, people with previous sexual abuse are at times people to repetition compulsion which means they have a tendency to repeat past behaviour in spite of the suffering that may have been associated with it. In essence, they recreate the earlier sexual abuse by placing themselves in a position to be abused again. The relevance here is for the defence of welcome ness since the sexual conduct in a sexual harassment claim must be unwelcome and not solicited by the claiman t. Finally, individuals who experienced sexual abuse may be so damaged that they fabricate later incidents of abuse as a way of venting their anger. Because of previous experiences, their ability to describe abuse can be quite sophisticated and believable. Psychological opinions in all of these areas can be important sources of clarification about the possible circumstances of a claim. Psychological opinions which define the damage are seemingly more straightforward since they are based ?p diagnostic criteria. Unfortunately, this is more complicated since the criteria for many mental disorders are arbitrary and easily met by someone just distressed and pursuing litigation. Also, while a psychological opinion may purport to only address emotional harm, it invariably infers that the harm springs from a particular opinion which, in fact, occurred. Tile most striking example is the controversial diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in which the trauma is built into the label. Although attempts have been made to identify specific and objective criteria for this condition, its rampant use in litigation attests to its subjectivity. Most individuals e?posed to a typical traumatic stressor do not develop PTSD, although following a rape the incidence can be high. Long-term lingering emotional symptoms in response to ordinary sexual harassment are unusual unless the nature of the harassment was particularly egregious and pervasive. Psychological opinions are routinely offered ?p emotional damages and the relative effects of alternative causes, the harm from litigation itself, and the secondary gain that comes from an expected financial award. !p traditional tort claims of negligence, the plaintiff must have suffered some harm. In sexual harassment claims, neither economic harm nor emotional harm is necessary. However the degree of damages awarded will undoubtedly be linked to psychological opinions which offer definition for the distress and the disorder suffered. Every individual has the right to work in an environment free from demeaning and humiliating sexual harassment. Laws that enforce that right are appropriate and help create parity for all workers. But the increase in sexual harassment claims also raises social questions. What behaviours are normal, should be acceptable, and will always be a part of mens and womens relationships? What harm comes to individuals ?G classes of individuals when a power gradient is established through sexua1 intimidation? How can the workplace be sensitized and educated about this without becoming cynical? How can a person communicate sensitivity without retribution? How can we accurately distinguish whether a sexual harassment claim is really based ?p the circumstances alleged ?G just a means of empowerment in a confliction and insecure work environment? Psychological opinions may help on some of these questions, but social opinion and public policy will be required for equitable solutions.

Genetic Factors and Criminal Behavior Essay -- essays research papers

In this article the two authors research the connection between genetic factors and criminal behavior. They look at the causes that make someone act in a criminal way. There are several factors looked at in connection to the cause such as social factors and environmental variables. The social factors being the more examined of the two. They hypothesized that other factors in performance or alone with environmental variables would lead to better understanding of why some people become criminal. The genetic factor of influence due to mental disorders was posed to have a slight role in affecting people to show criminal behavior. Another cause looked at was the combination of genetic and environmental factors, with a possible result of having a higher risk for criminal behavior. They also explore the myths about the connection between genetic factors and criminal behavior. The first myth they looked at was â€Å"Identifying the Role of Genetics in Criminal Behavior Implies That There Is a â€Å"Crime Gene.†Ã¢â‚¬  This myth is dismissed because of the unlikelihood that that a single gene is responsible for criminal behavior. The second myth they look at is â€Å"Attributing Crime to Genetic Factors is Deterministic.† This myth is also easily dismissed because of the fact that just because someone has a predisposition to a certain behavior doesn’t mean that the person will take on that behavior. They also look at Genetic Epidemiological Studies. These three studies deal with twins in relation to th...

The Vernacular Language

The Vernacular Language Over the course of humanity, there have been many different languages that have come and gone. As this topic is being discussed, we can probably assume that there is another spoken or written language being developed for use in one way or another. Latin is one of the most prominent languages and was one of the longest used amongst those that were educated and within literature. The real questions that beg to be answered are the origins of the language and what were the impacts the spread of vernacular language had on cultures during this period.The Latin language has survived in one form or another for over two thousand years, dating back to around 75 B. C. and still in use today. No matter where we look, we can see the influence of this language. Dating back to the founding of Rome, in 753 B. C. , they have been at war and have been a nation that has conquered many different countries. While the rise of the Roman empire began in 406 B. C. with the attack of V eii, there was not a true injection of country traditions until later in history and ending in the 12th century.This spread of the empire is where the spread of the Latin language took place and the spread of the vernacular language. To start, what is vernacular language? According to the free dictionary (n. d. ), vernacular is defined as the standard native language or a country or locality. The everyday language spoken by a people as distinguished from the literary language or a variety of such everyday language specific to a social group or region. Note that this term originates from Latin vernaculus. Even some of our definitions of words come from Latin.As we progress through this report, we are now starting to see how much of an impact this language had on society. The Roman Empire was vast and their reign over a large portion of the world lasted for many years. As they conquered nations, their traditions slowly became the traditions of that native land. Most of their reign cov ered Europe as we know it today and spanned hundreds of years. With the spread of a nation, comes the spread of their culture as well. Language is the oldest form of expression within a culture and passing this on either through force or assimilation has a lasting impact on those involved.The Latin language has survived in one form or another for over 2,000 years. It is the parent language of many modern day languages such as Italian, French, Romanian, Portuguese, and the Spanish language. As it was already noted earlier in this paper, even words in the English language have roots that can be traced back to the Latin language. One of the main reasons that the Latin language was so prominent is the fact that it is a form of communication. Culture does not spread without communication. Without communication, we cannot pass on knowledge or exchange ideas amongst each other.If we did not have communication, we would not be the culture that we are today. To say that the Roman Empire had an impact on the entire world is making a very moderate statement. The Roman Empire has had influences in all of society and include areas such as poetry, music, the arts, and architecture as well as language. While most people associate the Empire with a lot of the aforementioned, none of it would have been possible without the Latin language. Again, we are pointed back to the ability to communicate with others and to be able to pass on knowledge.It does not matter how advanced a culture is or may appear to be if they have no ability to pass any of this on to another culture. Not only does it allow the passing of knowledge, it also accomplishes one other hurdle in terms of the world and the growth of the world. With different languages and having nobody be able to communicate, we would never be able to come to a form of peace. Having the ability to relate to others in different parts of the world allow us to relay intentions, be it for good or other purposes.Without this communicat ion, most wars may have ended in the complete annihilation of countries instead of peace or some form of agreement between the two nations that were at war. The last section to discuss today is the lasting impact that the vernacular languages had on our society. What are some examples of this? Look around and you can easily see them if you know what you are looking for. Let’s begin with the author of this paper and continue from there. The author has had his name passed on from generation to generation. While the use of his name stopped for a while, it was started again with his great grandfather.Passing this down, the use of Latin numbers, or more commonly known as Roman numerals, is used to dictate which number of that name he is. For the author, he is the fourth consecutively named son and as such, after his last name is IV to represent the fourth. Look at dictionaries when researching words and you will also notice that these words have root definitions to them. An excell ent example of the use of Latin is in scientific studies. Genus, phylum, etc. all come from Latin origins. The last one to mention that still has Latin roots is the naming of the NFL Superbowl games using the Latin numbering system.In closing, the Latin language and the vernacular language has had a lasting impact on society and will continue to have this impact. It is a part of almost every culture today in some form. Without this vernacular language, society would not be where we are today. References Latin Language Blog (2010, March 24). Latin Numbers 1-100 | Latin Language Blog. Transparent. com Blogs. Retrieved November 18, 2012, from http://blogs. transparent. com/latin/latin-numbers-1-100/ Map of The Roman Empire. (n. d. ). Global Ministries – The United Methodist Church – General Board of Global Ministries.Retrieved November 18, 2012, from http://gbgm-umc. org/umw/corinthians/empire. stm Matthews, J. (2007, October). Beginnings of Vernacular. Retrieved November 18, 2012, from http://ac-support. europe. umuc. edu/~jmatthew/naples/vernacular. htm Pulju, T. (n. d. ). History of Latin. Rice University — Web Services. Retrieved November 18, 2012, from http://www. ruf. rice. edu/~kemmer/Words04/structure/latin. html The History Channel (n. d. ). Timeline – Rome: Rise and Fall of an Empire on History. History: Shows, Schedules and Resources. Retrieved November 18, 2012, from http://www. history. o. uk/shows/rome-rise-and-fall-of-an-empire/season-1/timeline. html TheFREEdictionary. com (n. d. ). Vernacular languages – definition of Vernacular languages by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. In Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus – The Free Dictionary. Retrieved November 18, 2012, from http://www. thefreedictionary. com/Vernacular+languages University of Calgary (1996, August). First Europe Tutorial – Latin and Vernaculars. Home | University of Calgary. Retrieved November 18, 2012, from htt p://www. ucalgary. ca/applied_history/tutor/firsteuro/lang. html

The Company Man Essay

In her article â€Å"The Company Man,† Ellen Goodman uses stereotypes about an average man to convey her attitude towards Phil. Phil is a character who works himself to death in his corporate job. Goodman reveals in her article that in order to be a â€Å"company man,† Phil sacrifices his everyday life. Ellen Goodman uses diction, syntax, and characterization to create a piteous tone in her essay â€Å"The Company Man.†Ellen Goodman uses diction to appeal to the readers’ emotion to create a piteous attitude. When Goodman states, â€Å"†¦ he always ate egg salad sandwiches,† makes Phil sounds boring, but makes the reader feel a little sympathy for Phil wishing had a little fun in life. In the passage she would call him a workaholic or say that he had no outside interests. Once again, Goodman’s diction is making the reader feel sympathy for Phil not having a fun filled life. The way that Goodman uses diction ties in well with her essay.Als o, Ellen Goodman uses characterization to appeal to the readers’ emotion to create a piteous attitude. In this passage she calls Phil a workaholic. She calls him this because he works six days a week, even on his off day. This shows Ellen Goodman’s her pity and sympathetic tone. She tries to convince her audience that feel was a good hardworking man.Ellen Goodman also uses syntax to appeal to the readers’ emotion to create a piteous attitude. Ellen Goodman states, â€Å"Phil was overweight and nervous and worked too hard.† This shows some pity that she had for him because of his condition. Also Ellen Goodman also states, â€Å"At the funeral, the sixty-year-old company president told the forty-eight-year-old widow†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This also shows her pity by putting the age in the passage so the reader can have sympathy.Ellen Goodman appeals to the readers’ emotions by using rhetorical devices such as syntax, diction, and characterization to create a piteous attitude towards Phil. Ellen Goodman is trying to get her audience to see that men, especially Phil, are good hardworking people.

An Analysis of Rip Van Winkle Using Psychoanalytic and Archetypal Criticism Essays

An Analysis of Rip Van Winkle Using Psychoanalytic and Archetypal Criticism Essays An Analysis of Rip Van Winkle Using Psychoanalytic and Archetypal Criticism Paper An Analysis of Rip Van Winkle Using Psychoanalytic and Archetypal Criticism Paper Essay Topic: Literature Rip Van Winkle When reading â€Å"Rip Van Winkle† by Washington Irving for the first time, one would get the impression that something bad and awkward is bound to happen to people who are controlled by their feelings and curiosity. In a way, this short story symbolizes the improvement of a young nation and its transformation to a free and democratic country. But, in it, there are certain people who don’t take notice of the political and historical changes, and as a result, they do not fit into the new system, leaving the impression of being odd and old. Rip Van Winkle is one of those people, and if we read the story from psychoanalytic and archetypal points of view, we will see that he was actually happy to have been asleep for 20 years. â€Å"Rip Van Winkle† answers some questions, such as the one taking into consideration Winkle’s absence from home for 2 decades. One of the answers suggests that a man, who only cares for himself, would eventually end up losing his wife and family. Another answer suggests that if someone sleeps or drinks for 20 years, he or she is not a terrible person, as long as the village is his/her friend. But, this story may also relate to a soldier’s struggle to adjust to society, after his return from war. We know very little of both Winkle’s intimate life and his hidden desires. But, with the help of Freuds concept of id as the â€Å"home† of the irrational, instinctual and the unknown, we can interpret Rip Van Winkles appearance in public. We know that he’s loved by the whole village, and that he’s happy in making everyone else around him happy. It is safe to say that he’s popular, a model citizen. But, this is not the case in his house and with his family, because he doesn’t care about them, as seen in paragraph 8:â€Å"Rip was ready to attend to anybody’s business but his own; but as to doing family duty, and keeping his farm in order, it was impossible. † He doesn’t work, nor attend his family. Laziness is considered a sin, but Winkle doesn’t have a guilty conscience about it or the abandonment of his family, and he â€Å"blames† his wife for the way he is. So, the contrast of his public and private life seems to be the same as the contrast between his impulses and the duty he has as a father/husband. Any reader would conclude that either Rip doesn’t love his wife or he is an immature man, incapable of handling his marriage. Winkles psyche controls the logical and rational, and his ego is probably the reason why he doesn’t divorce or harm his wife, or even himself. It is also the reason for his good standing with the other villagers, as it tells him that they would repay him in time. They really repay him, and Winkle is spared from complete anonymity when he returns home after 20 years, as seen in paragraph 56: â€Å"an old woman, tottering out from among the crowd, put her hand to her brow, and peering under it in his face for a moment, exclaimed, Sure enough! it is Rip Van Winkle- it is himself. Welcome home again, old neighbor. - Why, where have you been these twenty long years? † The final challenge that awaits Winkle is his attempt to be completely accepted in the society again. We, as readers, never know if he actually slept for 20 years, but we are not given any other choice. Winkle tries to redeem himself from his past sins by becoming a recognized legend. However, Winkle’s superego suggests that his disappearance is immoral. And yet, he gets a second chance after coming back from the Catskill Mountains. Without any effort, he becomes a respected man; his long absence justifies his political ignorance, and he even becomes a symbol of the village. We realize that his 20-year sleep has only cost him his wife. Maybe that’s what he always wanted: to live a carefree life, without working, taking care of children, or having an intimate relationship with a person he never really loved. But this desire is never revealed and we only see him as someone who follows the principles set by society. Since divorce is not an option at the time, it is best for Winkle to simply disappear. He could have also become grumpy and antisocial, but that simply isn’t his style. The story doesn’t have enough elements for us to apply Freuds Oedipus complex, but there are some interesting facts, like the one that Winkle â€Å"kills† his life while living with his family. Also, Dame Van Winkle is portrayed more like a mother, than a wife: â€Å"whenever her name was mentioned, however, he shook his head, shrugged his shoulders, and cast up his eyes; which might pass either for an expression of resignation to his fate, or joy at his deliverance† (paragraph 61). From this, we can assume that Winkle probably hated her. He even reflects about the new-found freedom from his wife (the other freedom being the freedom from the old society) in paragraph 61: â€Å"he had got his neck out of the yoke of matrimony, and could go in and out whenever he pleased, without dreading the tyranny of Dame Van Winkle. At the end of the story, the old Winkle is dead, and we have a new, regular citizen of a new nation. But, in order to reach this independence, he had to distance himself from his family, and disappear into the mountains. He goes there with the excuse of going squirrel hunting, but ends up falling asleep: â€Å"one taste provoked another, and he reiter ated his visits to the flagon so often, that at length his senses were overpowered, his eyes swam in his head, his head gradually declined, and he fell into a deep sleep† (paragraph 24). As a conclusion, Winkle’s disappearance was the best thing that could happen to him. While the people of the Dutch community had to fight a war, Winkle was sleeping, and woke up only to witness a completely new life, with a new type of government and without any family or private duties. He didn’t suffer any serious consequences, with only his physical appearance being a minor problem. In other words, he found a perfect, and yet simple solution to his â€Å"lifelong† problem. Archetypal criticism may also help us in analyzing this short story. A symbol which appears throughout the story is the tree. In more than one occasion, Winkle visits a group sitting under â€Å"the shade of a large tree. In order to escape from his wife, he would often go to the forest, and â€Å"here he would sometimes seat himself at the foot of a tree† (paragraph 16). He also falls asleep there. According to Wilfred Guerin, the tree is a symbol of immortality and regeneration (Guerin 152). That’s probably the reason why Winkle comes back home after 2 decades of i dleness in Nature and is not hurt by Nature’s elements. The tree where Winkle spends time may also be connected to the tree of life, which keeps people alive even if they do not care for their families or marriages. Dame Van Winkle resembles a terrible mother in her husband’s eyes. Having this in mind, we can say that she represents both sex and death: her husband is afraid of her and the fear leads him to emasculation. As a result, we see that Winkle is not interested in his wife as a woman, and regards her more as a monster, a witch. However, if she’s mad at him for his laziness and refusal to find a serious job, she would be a representation of the Earth, its fertility and abundance (a good mother). But in reality, besides protecting her children, she terrifies Winkle and constantly provokes him, so we can consider her as being good and bad at the same time (Guerin 151). At the end of the story, we see that Winkle becomes a respectable old man, or a symbol of wisdom and knowledge. According to Jungian archetypes, he tests the moral qualities of others. However, not everybody sees him as a wise man, which is clearly revealed in paragraph 57: â€Å"some were seen to wink at each other, and put their tongues in their cheeks; and the self-important man in the cocked hat, who, when the alarm was over, had returned to the field, screwed down the corners of his mouth, and shook his head- upon which there was a general shaking of the head throughout the assemblage. So, we have a situation where Winkle doesn’t end up left out by his community, but there are suspicions over the credibility of his story. Therefore, he closely follows the pattern of a hero, and is a kind of a sacrificial scapegoat. One of the most important symbols in the story is the birth of a new nation, something which was completely new for those of European origin. Again we have Wi nkle as a scapegoat, because he represents all the old European traditions that must be extinguished in order for the new nation to grow. Everybody must work to form and support the new government and keep the country’s independence. The old ways of thinking and living are long gone. While Old Europe was in a deep slumber, its colonies woke up, one by one. The group of pseudo-philosophers, formed by Winkle and his friends, represents the Old World and its â€Å"process† of doing nothing, while the colonies grow more and more independent. As a consequence of it, the transformation of Old Europe was something inevitable, and it changes, much like Rip Van Winkle. In this story, we can also try to identify Northrop Frye’s four mythos. In the beginning we have a romantic (summer) phase, as Winkle is loved by all the villagers. What follows is the anti-romantic, satirical and ironic phase (winter), when we discover that Winkle is miles away from being the perfect husband and father, probably because of him having regrets about his marriage. After that, we have a comedic situation (spring phase), expressed by his â€Å"adventure† on the mountain and his falling asleep and waking up 2 decades later. But, it all ends in a somewhat tragic note (autumn phase), because when he comes back to the village, Dame Van Winkle is dead, Winkle’s daughter doesn’t recognize him and even the villagers, who respect Winkle, don’t believe his story. Although Winkle doesn’t experience this as a tragic situation, any common sense would. All in all, if we follow Fryes scheme, this short story is rich with irony, because even after Winkle finds out about the death of his wife, he doesn’t want to know anything about her. At the same time, he has to prove the credibility of his story. By reading â€Å"Rip Van Winkle†, one may come across several interesting facts: that the Dutch, not the British, represent Europe; that an implausible story required some proof of its credibility, so that people would find it plausible or funny; that back then, people were equally interested in politics, as they are now†¦ But, what was most important for me was the fact that by reading this story, besides enjoying it, I could also try and analyze a complex character, a character leaving the impression of being happy at first sight, but having problems that are very much present even today. No matter how you look at it (as a story of a disillusioned husband or the representative of an old, changing nation), â€Å"Rip Van Winkle† is an enjoyable short story by Washington Irving, a thought-provoking work leaving a lot of space for discussion and comparisons to the people and nations of today.

CASE 2 TUX 101 INFORMATION LITERACY AND ACADEMIC INTEGRITY Essay

CASE 2 TUX 101 INFORMATION LITERACY AND ACADEMIC INTEGRITY - Essay Example With so many of us pleasing in gaming as an interest, it is now commencing to adjust the world in ways that were never seen approaching (Baker, 2014). While scrutinizing and criticizing games like future soldier, ghost recon and modern warfare, and other games, seen with plentiful issues of DLC, and  opinions  for and against DRM, it might instigate those that take it upon ourselves to disapprove game studios and draw own conclusions on how games ought to be made, to take a step and get a start at spinning it into a career (Baker, 2014). Many people have  expansively  studied military expertise and technology, researching all features of his hit gaming authorization (Baker, 2014). Many will gets to pick up about the abundant military technology developments very long before the public does. It can be shocking to see a Humvee furnished with a .50 caliber gun bartizan that is controlled by what appears like a deviously familiar device - an Xbox 360 controller (Baker, 2014). These Video games manipulating the way of military service  may seem astonishing, but the US military has since been employing this rather exceptional skillset for some years. Military flight simulators have a semblance to their video game matching part, and  have taken more than a few indicators over the years (Voakes, 2014). Formerly using canned training content that wouldn’t go some reasonable time without an update, the unrelenting advancement of video games has provided the military ready-made tools for organizing new recruits. The mechanics of First Person Shooters are now being applied to create extremely specific tutorials that will allow recruits to understand who they were fighting better (Voakes, 2014). Many have criticized this mode of using video game technology to equip and train military recruits, quoting it as a method of desensitization that tends to make the taking of existences

#10 El Nino Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

#10 El Nino - Essay Example In normal years, ocean current flows to the north towards the Equator down the western coast of South America. The water on the ocean surface was being drawn away from the continent and to be replaced by cold nutrient-rich water pushed upwards from the ocean depth. This process is known as upwelling. During this season, a good harvest is being anticipated by fishermen of the area. Further, colder weather is experienced by the people living in this area since the ocean surface is cold during this time. During El Nià ±o year, the warm pool of water flows eastward until it spreads in the entire Pacific Ocean. For this reason, the cool water of the South American coast is replaced by warmer waters, thus weakening the upwelling process (Trenberth 1997). In effect, the surface of the sea temperature rises beyond the normal range. This occurrence means heavy rainfall and eventual flooding in some South American countries and drought and very dry season in Indonesia, Australia, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and Northeastern South America with altered patterns of tropical storms in the tropical belt (Enfield n.d.). Global warming is also a great contributor to this kind of phenomena. The coastal warming is being associated with a more widespread irregular ocean warming to the International Dateline and it is this Pacific basin-wide phenomenon that forms the link with strange global climate patterns. This component joined to El Nià ±o is called the Southern Oscillation (Trenberth 1997). ENSO (El Nino-Southern Oscillation) is the phenomenon where the atmosphere and ocean collaborates together. The El Nino phenomenon is the warm phase of ENSO, and its opposite, La Nià ±a, the occurrence where cooling of the tropical Pacific takes place corresponds to the cold phase of ENSO. The El Nià ±o, or ENSO for scientists, can be considered as a normal occurrence based on nature patterns studied by some scientists. But still, it greatly affects global climate